Architectural Renderings

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Architectural rendering, or architectural illustration, is the art of creating two-dimensional images or animations showing the attributes of a proposed architectural design.

Computer generated renderings

Also known as photo-real renderings, but not restricted to that and may also be depicted in none photo-real methods. Complex 3d modeling and rendering software is used to create life-like images. These are normally done for presentation, marketing and design analysis purposes. Architectural 3D models are to the right proportion, scale and even use real life textures, materials, colour and finishes. Photoreal renderings come in various types specific to their particular use:

Still renderings

Walk through and fly by animations (movie)

Virtual Tours

Panoramic Renderings

Light and Shadow (sciography) study renderings

Renovation Renderings (photomontage)

and others

3D photoreal renderings play major role in real estate sales. It also makes possible to take design related decisions well before the building is actually built. Thus it helps experimenting with building design and its visual aspects.

Awards

The Hugh Ferriss Memorial Prize is awarded by the American Society of Architectural Illustrators in recognition of excellence in the graphic representation of architecture. It is the Society's highest award.

Education

Traditionally rendering techniques were taught in a "master class" practice (such as the École des Beaux-Arts), where a student works creatively with a mentor in the study of fine arts. Contemporary architects use hand-drawn sketches, pen and ink drawings, and watercolor renderings to represent their design with the vision of an artist. Computer generated graphics is the newest medium to be utilized by Architectural Illustrators.

3D Architectural Visualization | Architectural 3D Visualization

In urban planning, architectural design, field applications of virtual reality technology, which is 3D architectural visualization. In recent years, 3D architectural visualization at home and abroad has been more and more applications. 3D architectural visualization of an unprecedented interactive, real architectural sense of space, large three-dimensional topography simulation and other features. This is unmatched by traditional methods.

In the 3D architectural visualization applications, people can be in a virtual three-dimensional environment for the future architectural of a full range of immersive look. It can be from any angle, from the observed scene and sophistication. People can choose a variety of sports and to switch modes, such as: walking, driving, flying, etc., and can freely control the navigation route. In the process of 3D architectural visualization, designers can achieve a variety of design options, a variety of environmental effects, real-time switch comparison. It will give customers a strong, realistic sensory impact, immersive experience.

3D Architectural Rendering |3D Architectural Renderings |Hand-drawn architectural renderings

3D architectural renderings, 3D model is rendered architectural images.

Hand-drawn architectural renderings and 3D architectural renderings of the difference: they are not the same as drawing tools, the performance of different styles.

3D architectural renderings can realistically simulate the effect of architectural construction is completed.

Hand-drawn architectural renderings reflect the style and artistry. Hand-painted architectural known as architectural painting.

Architectural Renderings defined

What is the architectural renderings?

Computer can not only help us to design drawings of the building simulation out, you can also add people, vehicles, trees, even during the day and night lighting changes can be simulated in great detail. These buildings and the surrounding environment through the analog image is generated architectural renderings

Rendering

Rendering is the last step of computer graphics. Rendering is also a stage image in line with the 3D scene. There are many software rendering. Rendering is the architectural design, animation design using 3DS MAX, MAYA and other software design 3D models and animation frames. Then render into image or animation process.

Renderings

Renderings can often be understood as the designer's intent and concept design to visualize the form of reproduction. There are two forms: hand-drawn renderings and computer renderings.

The definition and concept of renderings

Renderings through the pictures to show the effect of product required. Through computer technology to simulate the real three-dimensional realistic virtual images.

In construction, industry and other industry segments, rendering the main role is to figure drawing 3D visualization. Through high simulation renderings of the design or project plan to modify or scrutiny.

Renderings segments: architectural renderings, rendering urban planning, landscape renderings, architectural interior renderings, mechanical renderings, product design renderings, etc.

The relationship between design and renderings

Art and Design is a design concept and ideas through visual forms of expression out. Design renderings only one part.

3D rendering

For rendering of 3D scalar fields, see Volume rendering.

Rendering methods

Rendering is the final process of creating the actual 2D image or animation from the prepared scene. This can be compared to taking a photo or filming the scene after the setup is finished in real life.[1] Several different, and often specialized, rendering methods have been developed. These range from the distinctly non-realistic wireframe rendering through polygon-based rendering, to more advanced techniques such as: scanline rendering, ray tracing, or radiosity. Rendering may take from fractions of a second to days for a single image/frame. In general, different methods are better suited for either photorealistic rendering, or real-time rendering.

Real-time

Main article: Real-time computer graphics

A screenshot from Second Life, a 2003 online virtual world which renders frames in real-time

Rendering for interactive media, such as games and simulations, is calculated and displayed in real time, at rates of approximately 20 to 120 frames per second. In real-time rendering, the goal is to show as much information as possible as the eye can process in a fraction of a second (a.k.a. "in one frame": In the case of a 30 frame-per-second animation, a frame encompasses one 30th of a second).

The primary goal is to achieve an as high as possible degree of photorealism at an acceptable minimum rendering speed (usually 24 frames per second, as that is the minimum the human eye needs to see to successfully create the illusion of movement). In fact, exploitations can be applied in the way the eye 'perceives' the world, and as a result, the final image presented is not necessarily that of the real world, but one close enough for the human eye to tolerate.

Rendering software may simulate such visual effects as lens flares, depth of field or motion blur. These are attempts to simulate visual phenomena resulting from the optical characteristics of cameras and of the human eye. These effects can lend an element of realism to a scene, even if the effect is merely a simulated artifact of a camera. This is the basic method employed in games, interactive worlds and VRML.

The rapid increase in computer processing power has allowed a progressively higher degree of realism even for real-time rendering, including techniques such as HDR rendering. Real-time rendering is often polygonal and aided by the computer's GPU.

Non real-time

Animations for non-interactive media, such as feature films and video, can take much more time to render.[4] Non real-time rendering enables the leveraging of limited processing power in order to obtain higher image quality. Rendering times for individual frames may vary from a few seconds to several days for complex scenes. Rendered frames are stored on a hard disk, then transferred to other media such as motion picture film or optical disk. These frames are then displayed sequentially at high frame rates, typically 24, 25, or 30 frames per second (fps), to achieve the illusion of movement.

When the goal is photo-realism, techniques such as ray tracing, path tracing, photon mapping or radiosity are employed. This is the basic method employed in digital media and artistic works. Techniques have been developed for the purpose of simulating other naturally occurring effects, such as the interaction of light with various forms of matter. Examples of such techniques include particle systems (which can simulate rain, smoke, or fire), volumetric sampling (to simulate fog, dust and other spatial atmospheric effects), caustics (to simulate light focusing by uneven light-refracting surfaces, such as the light ripples seen on the bottom of a swimming pool), and subsurface scattering (to simulate light reflecting inside the volumes of solid objects, such as human skin).

The rendering process is computationally expensive, given the complex variety of physical processes being simulated. Computer processing power has increased rapidly over the years, allowing for a progressively higher degree of realistic rendering. Film studios that produce computer-generated animations typically make use of a render farm to generate images in a timely manner. However, falling hardware costs mean that it is entirely possible to create small amounts of 3D animation on a home computer system. The output of the renderer is often used as only one small part of a completed motion-picture scene. Many layers of material may be rendered separately and integrated into the final shot using compositing software.

Reflection and shading models

Models of reflection/scattering and shading are used to describe the appearance of a surface. Although these issues may seem like problems all on their own, they are studied almost exclusively within the context of rendering. Modern 3D computer graphics rely heavily on a simplified reflection model called the Phong reflection model (not to be confused with Phong shading). In the refraction of light, an important concept is the refractive index; in most 3D programming implementations, the term for this value is "index of refraction" (usually shortened to IOR).

Shading can be broken down into two different techniques, which are often studied independently:

Surface shading - how light spreads across a surface (mostly used in scanline rendering for real-time 3D rendering in video games)

Reflection/scattering - how light interacts with a surface at a given point (mostly used in ray-traced renders for non real-time photorealistic and artistic 3D rendering in both CGI still 3D images and CGI non-interactive 3D animations)

Surface shading algorithms

Popular surface shading algorithms in 3D computer graphics include:

Flat shading: a technique that shades each polygon of an object based on the polygon's "normal" and the position and intensity of a light source

Gouraud shading: invented by H. Gouraud in 1971; a fast and resource-conscious vertex shading technique used to simulate smoothly shaded surfaces

Phong shading: invented by Bui Tuong Phong; used to simulate specular highlights and smooth shaded surfaces

Reflection

Reflection or scattering is the relationship between the incoming and outgoing illumination at a given point. Descriptions of scattering are usually given in terms of a bidirectional scattering distribution function or BSDF.[5]

Shading

Shading addresses how different types of scattering are distributed across the surface (i.e., which scattering function applies where). Descriptions of this kind are typically expressed with a program called a shader.[6] A simple example of shading is texture mapping, which uses an image to specify the diffuse color at each point on a surface, giving it more apparent detail.

Some shading techniques include:

Bump mapping: Invented by Jim Blinn, a normal-perturbation technique used to simulate wrinkled surfaces.[7]

Cel shading: A technique used to imitate the look of hand-drawn animation.

Transport

Transport describes how illumination in a scene gets from one place to another. Visibility is a major component of light transport.

Projection

The shaded three-dimensional objects must be flattened so that the display device - namely a monitor - can display it in only two dimensions, this process is called 3D projection. This is done using projection and, for most applications, perspective projection. The basic idea behind perspective projection is that objects that are further away are made smaller in relation to those that are closer to the eye. Programs produce perspective by multiplying a dilation constant raised to the power of the negative of the distance from the observer. A dilation constant of one means that there is no perspective. High dilation constants can cause a "fish-eye" effect in which image distortion begins to occur. Orthographic projection is used mainly in CAD or CAM applications where scientific modeling requires precise measurements and preservation of the third dimension.